Index: ps/trunk/binaries/data/mods/public/gui/text/quotes.txt =================================================================== --- ps/trunk/binaries/data/mods/public/gui/text/quotes.txt +++ ps/trunk/binaries/data/mods/public/gui/text/quotes.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -"Zeus \[…] established his law: wisdom comes through suffering. \[…] So men against their will learn to practice moderation. \[…] Such grace is harsh and violent." - Aeschylus ("Oresteia", I. 176-183) -"She \[Helen] brought to Ilium her dowry, destruction." - Aeschylus ("Oresteia", I. 406) +"Zeus \[…] established his law: wisdom comes through suffering. \[…] So men against their will learn to practice moderation. \[…] Such grace is harsh and violent." - Aeschylus ("Agamemnon", 176-183) +"She \[Helen] brought to Ilium her dowry, destruction." - Aeschylus ("Agamemnon", 406) "In every tyrant's heart there springs in the end this poison, that he cannot trust a friend." - Aeschylus ("Prometheus Bound", 224-225) "Time in the long run teaches all things." - Aeschylus ("Prometheus Bound", 981) "His resolve is not to seem, but to be, the best." - Aeschylus ("Seven Against Thebes", 592) @@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ "Better be wise by the misfortunes of others than by your own." - Aesop ("The Lion, the Ass, and the Fox Hunting") "Enemies' promises were made to be broken." - Aesop ("The Nurse and the Wolf") "Any excuse will serve a tyrant." - Aesop ("The Wolf and the Lamb") -"If I have done anything noble, that is a sufficient memorial; if I have not, all the statues in the world will not preserve my memory." - Agesilaos II of Sparta (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 215a) +"If I have done anything noble, that is a sufficient memorial; if I have not, all the statues in the world will not preserve my memory." - Agesilaus II of Sparta (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 215a) "Spartans do not ask how many, only where the enemy are." - Agis II of Sparta (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 215d) "Weep not for me, as I suffer unjustly, I am in a happier situation than my murderers." - Agis IV of Sparta upon seeing one of his executioners cry (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Agis", sec. 20) "Sex and sleep alone make me conscious that I am mortal." - Alexander the Great (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Alexander", sec. 22) "It is very servile to live in luxury, but very royal to toil. \[…] Don't you know that the end and object of conquest is to avoid the vices and infirmities of the subdued?" - Alexander the Great (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Alexander", sec. 40) -"Glorious are the deeds of those who undergo labour and run the risk of danger; and it is delightful to live a life of valor and to die leaving behind immortal glory." - Alexander the Great, addressing his troops (Arrian, "The Anabasis of Alexander", 5.26) -"I for one think that to a brave man there is no end to labours except the labours themselves, provided they lead to glorious achievements." - Alexander the Great, addressing his troops (Arrian, "The Anabasis of Alexander", 5.26) +"Glorious are the deeds of those who undergo labor and run the risk of danger; and it is delightful to live a life of valor and to die leaving behind immortal glory." - Alexander the Great, addressing his troops (Arrian, "The Anabasis of Alexander", 5.26) +"I for one think that to a brave man there is no end to labors except the labors themselves, provided they lead to glorious achievements." - Alexander the Great, addressing his troops (Arrian, "The Anabasis of Alexander", 5.26) "If I were not Alexander, I should wish to be Diogenes \[of Sinope]." - Alexander the Great, impressed by the simplicity of the philosopher he had met (Plutarch, "Moralia", XXII. "On the Fortunes of Alexander the Great", 332a-b) "To the strongest!" - Alexander the Great, on his death bed, when asked who should succeed him as king (Arrian, "The Anabasis of Alexander", 7.26) "I do not steal victory." - Alexander the Great, when suggested to raid the Persians at night (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Alexander", sec. 31) "Written laws are like spiders' webs; they will catch, it is true, the weak and poor, but will be torn in pieces by the rich and powerful." - Anacharsis (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Solon", sec. 5) -"The agora is an established place for men to cheat one another, and behave covetously." - Anacharsis, a Scythian philosopher who travelled to Greece (Diogenes Laertius, "The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", Anarchsis, sec. 5) +"The agora is an established place for men to cheat one another, and behave covetously." - Anacharsis, a Scythian philosopher who traveled to Greece (Diogenes Laertius, "The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", Anarchsis, sec. 5) "It was not by taking care of the fields, but of ourselves, that we acquired those fields." - Anaxandridas II of Sparta (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 217a) "States are doomed when they are unable to distinguish good men from bad." - Antisthenes (Diogenes Laertius, "The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", Antisthenes, sec. 5) "The fox knows many tricks; the hedgehog one good one." - Archilochus (fragment 201) @@ -56,16 +56,16 @@ "If a king is energetic, his subjects will be equally energetic." - Chanakya ("Arthashastra", I. "Concerning Discipline", chapter 19) "Whoever imposes severe punishment becomes repulsive to the people; while he who awards mild punishment becomes contemptible. But whoever imposes punishment as deserved becomes respectable." - Chanakya ("Arthashastra", I. "Concerning Discipline", chapter 4) "We did not flinch but gave our lives to save Greece when her fate hung on a razor's edge." - Corinthian epitaph to their fallen of the Persian Wars (Plutarch, "Moralia", XI. "On the Malice of Herodotus", 870e) -"Then the blood really flowed, for the two lines were so close that shield struck against shield, and they drove their swords into each other's faces. It was impossible for the weak or cowardly to retreat; man to man they fought like in single combat." - Curtius Rufus about the Battle of Issos ("Histories of Alexander the Great", III. 11.5) +"Then the blood really flowed, for the two lines were so close that shield struck against shield, and they drove their swords into each other's faces. It was impossible for the weak or cowardly to retreat; man to man they fought like in single combat." - Curtius Rufus about the Battle of Issus ("Histories of Alexander the Great", III. 11.5) "I am Cyrus, who won for the Persians their empire. Therefore do not begrudge me this bit of earth that covers my bones." - Cyrus the Great's epitaph (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Alexander", sec. 69) -"I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, \[…] 23 lands in total." - Darius I. (Behistun inscription, column I, 1-6) -"Phraortes was captured and brought before me. I cut off his nose, his ears, and his tongue, and I put out one eye, and he was kept in chains at my palace entrance, and all the people saw him. Then I crucified him in Ecbatana; and the men who were his foremost followers \[…] I flayed and hung out their skins, stuffed with straw." - Darius I. (Behistun inscription, column II, 32) +"I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, \[…] 23 lands in total." - Darius I (Behistun inscription, column I, 1-6) +"Phraortes was captured and brought before me. I cut off his nose, his ears, and his tongue, and I put out one eye, and he was kept in chains at my palace entrance, and all the people saw him. Then I crucified him in Ecbatana; and the men who were his foremost followers \[…] I flayed and hung out their skins, stuffed with straw." - Darius I (Behistun inscription, column II, 32) "By desiring little, a poor man makes himself rich." - Democritus (fragment) "It is hard to be governed by one's inferior." - Democritus (fragment) "Physical strength is only noble in cattle, it is strength of character that is noble in men." - Democritus (fragment) -"It is not possible to found a lasting power upon injustice, perjury, and treachery." - Demosthenes, in one of his many speeches against the rising Phillip II of Macedon ("Olynthiac II", 10) +"It is not possible to found a lasting power upon injustice, perjury, and treachery." - Demosthenes, in one of his many speeches against the rising Philip II of Macedon ("Olynthiac II", 10) "Delivery, delivery, delivery." - Demosthenes, when asked what were the three most important elements of rhetoric (Cicero, "De Oratore", 3.213) -"The Macedonians first raised an unearthly shout followed by the Persians answering, so that the whole hillside bordering the battlefield echoed back the sound, and that second roar was louder than the Macedonian war cry as five hundred thousand men shouted with one voice." - Diodorus Siculus about the Battle of Issos ("The Library of History", XVII., sec. 33) +"The Macedonians first raised an unearthly shout followed by the Persians answering, so that the whole hillside bordering the battlefield echoed back the sound, and that second roar was louder than the Macedonian war cry as five hundred thousand men shouted with one voice." - Diodorus Siculus about the Battle of Issus ("The Library of History", XVII., sec. 33) "Brasidas, taking his stand on the gangway, fought off from there the multitude of Athenians who converged upon him. And at the outset he slew many as they came at him, but after a while, as numerous missiles assailed him, he suffered many wounds on the front of his body." - Diodorus Siculus, on a brave Spartan at the Battle of Pylos ("The Library of History", XXII., sec. 62) "Plato had defined man as an animal, biped and featherless, and was applauded. Diogenes \[of Sinope] plucked a fowl and brought it into the lecture-room with the words: Here is Plato's man. In consequence of which there was added to the definition: having broad nails." - Diogenes Laertius ("The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", "Diogenes", sec. 40) "I am a citizen of the world." - Diogenes of Sinope (Diogenes Laertius, "The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", "Diogenes", sec. 63) @@ -78,51 +78,51 @@ "Cowards do not count in battle; they are there, but not in it." - Euripides ("Meleager") "Chance fights ever on the side of the prudent." - Euripides ("Pirithous") "Return with your shield, or on it." - Farewell of Spartan women to their warriors, implying that cowards would throw away their shield in battle to flee (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVIII. "Sayings of Spartan Women", 241f) -"I came, I saw, I conquered." - Gaius Julius Caesar, after routing Pharnaces II of Pontus in the first assault (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Caesar", sec. 50) -"Men willingly believe what they wish." - Gaius Julius Caesar ("De Bello Gallico", III. 18) -"It is not the well-fed long-haired man I fear, but the pale and the hungry looking." - Gaius Julius Caesar (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Antony", sec. 11) -"After fighting from noon almost to sunset, with victory doubtful, the Germans, on one side charged the enemy in a compact body, and drove them back; and, when they were put to flight, the archers were surrounded and cut to pieces." - Gaius Julius Caesar about the Battle of Alesia ("De Bello Gallico", VII. 80) -"All the centurions of the fourth cohort were slain, and the standard-bearer killed, the standard itself lost, almost all the centurions of the other cohorts either wounded or slain, and among them the chief centurion of the legion, Publius Sextius Baculus, a very valiant man, who was so exhausted by many and severe wounds, that he was already unable to support himself." - Gaius Julius Caesar about the Battle of the Sabis ("De Bello Gallico", II. 25) -"But the enemy \[…] displayed such great courage, that when the front rank had fallen the men behind them stood on them and continue the fight from on top of the corpses; when these were killed the pile of bodies grew higher, while the survivors used the heap as a vantage point for throwing missiles at our men, or catching our spears and throwing them back." - Gaius Julius Caesar about the Battle of the Sabis ("De Bello Gallico", II. 27) -"The die is cast." - Gaius Julius Caesar, when crossing the Rubicon river with his legion into Italy, a capital offense that led to his civil war against Pompey (Suetonius, "The Lives of the Twelve Caesars", 32) -"I'd rather be the first man here than the second man in Rome." - Gaius Julius Caesar, when passing through a barbarian village in the Alps (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Caesar", sec. 11) -"Stop quoting laws, we carry weapons!" - Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Pompey", sec. 10) +"I came, I saw, I conquered." - Caesar, after routing Pharnaces II of Pontus in the first assault (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Caesar", sec. 50) +"Men willingly believe what they wish." - Caesar ("De Bello Gallico", III. 18) +"It is not the well-fed long-haired man I fear, but the pale and the hungry looking." - Caesar (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Antony", sec. 11) +"After fighting from noon almost to sunset, with victory doubtful, the Germans, on one side charged the enemy in a compact body, and drove them back; and, when they were put to flight, the archers were surrounded and cut to pieces." - Caesar about the Battle of Alesia ("De Bello Gallico", VII. 80) +"All the centurions of the fourth cohort were slain, and the standard-bearer killed, the standard itself lost, almost all the centurions of the other cohorts either wounded or slain, and among them the chief centurion of the legion, Publius Sextius Baculus, a very valiant man, who was so exhausted by many and severe wounds, that he was already unable to support himself." - Caesar about the Battle of the Sabis ("De Bello Gallico", II. 25) +"But the enemy \[…] displayed such great courage, that when the front rank had fallen the men behind them stood on them and continue the fight from on top of the corpses; when these were killed the pile of bodies grew higher, while the survivors used the heap as a vantage point for throwing missiles at our men, or catching our spears and throwing them back." - Caesar about the Battle of the Sabis ("De Bello Gallico", II. 27) +"The die is cast." - Caesar, when crossing the Rubicon river with his legion into Italy, a capital offense that led to his civil war against Pompey (Suetonius, "The Lives of the Twelve Caesars", 32) +"I'd rather be the first man here than the second man in Rome." - Caesar, when passing through a barbarian village in the Alps (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Caesar", sec. 11) +"Stop quoting laws, we carry weapons!" - Pompey (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Pompey", sec. 10) "If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out." - Hammurabi (Hammurabi's Code, sec. 196) -"I have come not to make war on the Italians, but to aid the Italians against Rome." - Hannibal Barca (Polybius, "Histories", III. 85) -"Let us now end the anxiety of the Romans, who can't wait for the death of an old man." - Hannibal Barca's last words before his suicide, in exile with Flaminius pressuring the local ruler to hand him over (Livius, "Ab Urbe Condita", XXXIX. 51) -"Most inhuman and most arrogant of nations, they \[the Romans] reckon the world as theirs and subject to their pleasure. With whom we are to be at war, with whom at peace, they think it right that they should determine." - Hannibal Barca, addressing his troops (Livius, "Ab Urbe Condita", XXI. 44) -"You must be brave and discard all hopes of anything but victory or death." - Hannibal Barca, addressing his troops (Livius, "Ab Urbe Condita", XXI. 44) -"War is the father and king of all things: some he has made gods, and some men; some slaves and some free." - Herakleitos (Hippolytus, "The Refutation of all Heresies", IX. 4) -"You could not step twice into the same river." - Herakleitos (Plato, "Cratylos", 402a) +"I have come not to make war on the Italians, but to aid the Italians against Rome." - Hannibal (Polybius, "Histories", III. 85) +"Let us now end the anxiety of the Romans, who can't wait for the death of an old man." - Hannibal's last words before his suicide, in exile with Flaminius pressuring the local ruler to hand him over (Livy, "History of Rome", XXXIX. 51) +"Most inhuman and most arrogant of nations, they \[the Romans] reckon the world as theirs and subject to their pleasure. With whom we are to be at war, with whom at peace, they think it right that they should determine." - Hannibal, addressing his troops (Livy, "History of Rome", XXI. 44) +"You must be brave and discard all hopes of anything but victory or death." - Hannibal, addressing his troops (Livy, "History of Rome", XXI. 44) +"War is the father and king of all things: some he has made gods, and some men; some slaves and some free." - Heraclitus (Hippolytus, "The Refutation of all Heresies", IX. 4) +"You could not step twice into the same river." - Heraclitus (Plato, "Cratylus", 402a) "It is better to be envied than to be pitied." - Herodotus ("The Histories", III. 52) "In soft regions are born soft men." - Herodotus ("The Histories", IX. 122) "This is the bitterest pain among men, to have much knowledge but no power." - Herodotus ("The Histories", IX. 16) -"Although he \[Xerces] had plenty of troops he had few men." - Herodotus ("The Histories", VII. 210) +"Although he \[Xerxes] had plenty of troops he had few men." - Herodotus ("The Histories", VII. 210) "The Lacedaemonians \[Spartans] fought a memorable battle; they made it quite clear that they were the experts, and that they were fighting against amateurs." - Herodotus ("The Histories", VII. 211) -"Being informed \[…] that when the Barbarians discharged their arrows they obscured the light of the sun by the multitude of the arrows, he \[Dienekes] \[…] said that their guest \[…] brought them very good news, for if the Medes obscured the light of the sun, the battle against them would be in the shade and not in the sun." - Herodotus describing Dienekes, reputedly the bravest Spartan soldier at Thermopylae (Polybius, "Histories", VII. 226) -"The judgement given to Kroisus by each of the two oracles \[Delphi and Thebes] was the same: If he sent an army against the Persians, he would destroy a great empire." - Herodotus, later mentioning that the empire Kroisos destroyed was his own ("The Histories", I. 53) -"He \[King Darius] asked who the Athenians were, and, being informed, called for his bow, and placing an arrow on the string, shot upward into the sky, saying, as he let fly the shaft: Grant me, Zeus, to revenge myself on the Athenians!" - Herodotus, narrating how the Athenian support for the Ionian revolt caught the wrath of Darius I., the Persian king ("The Histories", V. 105) +"Being informed \[…] that when the Barbarians discharged their arrows they obscured the light of the sun by the multitude of the arrows, he \[Dieneces] \[…] said that their guest \[…] brought them very good news, for if the Medes obscured the light of the sun, the battle against them would be in the shade and not in the sun." - Herodotus describing Dieneces, reputedly the bravest Spartan soldier at Thermopylae (Polybius, "Histories", VII. 226) +"The judgment given to Croesus by each of the two oracles \[Delphi and Thebes] was the same: If he sent an army against the Persians, he would destroy a great empire." - Herodotus, later mentioning that the empire Croesus destroyed was his own ("The Histories", I. 53) +"He \[King Darius] asked who the Athenians were, and, being informed, called for his bow, and placing an arrow on the string, shot upward into the sky, saying, as he let fly the shaft: Grant me, Zeus, to revenge myself on the Athenians!" - Herodotus, narrating how the Athenian support for the Ionian revolt caught the wrath of Darius I, the Persian king ("The Histories", V. 105) "He \[King Darius] asked one of his servants every day, when his dinner was spread, three times to repeat to him: Master, remember the Athenians!" - Herodotus, narrating how the Athenian support for the Ionian revolt lead to the Persian Wars ("The Histories", V. 105) "Conquered Greece took captive her savage conqueror and brought her arts into rustic Latium." - Horace ("Epistles", epistle I., 156-157) "Anger is a momentary madness, so control your passion or it will control you." - Horace ("Epistles", epistle II., 62) -"It is your concern when your neighbour's wall is on fire." - Horace ("Epistles", epistle XVIII., 84) +"It is your concern when your neighbor's wall is on fire." - Horace ("Epistles", epistle XVIII., 84) "It is sweet and honorable to die for one's country." - Horace ("Odes", III., ode II., 13) "I am Cyrus, king of the world…" - Inscription (Cyrus Cylinder) -"In peace the sons bury their fathers, but in war the fathers bury their sons." - Kroisos, king of Lydia (Herodotus, "The Histories", I. 87) +"In peace the sons bury their fathers, but in war the fathers bury their sons." - Croesus, king of Lydia (Herodotus, "The Histories", I. 87) "Marry a good man, and bear good children." - Leonidas, to his wife who asked what to do if he died, before he left for Thermopylae (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 225a) "Come and get them!" - Leonidas, to the Persian messenger who demanded that he and his men lay down their arms (Plutarch, "Moralia", XVI. "Sayings of Spartans", 225c) -"Some were discovered lying there alive, with thighs and tendons slashed, baring their necks and throats and bidding their conquerors drain the remnant of their blood. Others were found with their heads buried in holes dug in the ground. They had apparently made these pits for themselves." - Livius, describing the aftermath of the Battle of Cannae, where Hannibal inflicted the greatest defeat on the Romans in all their history ("Ab Urbe Condita", XXII. 51) -"There lay thousands upon thousands of Romans \[…]. Here and there amidst the slain rose a gory figure whose wounds had begun to throb with the chill of dawn, and was cut down by his enemies." - Livius, describing the aftermath of the Battle of Cannae, where Hannibal inflicted the greatest defeat on the Romans in all their history ("Ab Urbe Condita", XXII. 51) +"Some were discovered lying there alive, with thighs and tendons slashed, baring their necks and throats and bidding their conquerors drain the remnant of their blood. Others were found with their heads buried in holes dug in the ground. They had apparently made these pits for themselves." - Livy, describing the aftermath of the Battle of Cannae, where Hannibal inflicted the greatest defeat on the Romans in all their history ("History of Rome", XXII. 51) +"There lay thousands upon thousands of Romans \[…]. Here and there amidst the slain rose a gory figure whose wounds had begun to throb with the chill of dawn, and was cut down by his enemies." - Livy, describing the aftermath of the Battle of Cannae, where Hannibal inflicted the greatest defeat on the Romans in all their history ("History of Rome", XXII. 51) "A city is well-fortified which has a wall of men instead of brick." - Lycurgus of Sparta (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Lycurgus", sec. 19) -"Escape, yes, but this time with my hands, not my feet." - Marcus Junius Brutus, before committing suicide after losing a battle against Caesar's avengers (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Brutus", sec. 52) -"O, the times, O, the customs!" - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("Against Catiline", speech I) -"A war is never undertaken by the ideal State, except in defense of its honor or its safety." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("De Re Publica", III., 23) -"The first duty of a man is the seeking after and the investigation of truth." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("On Duties", I., 13) -"No one is so old as to think that he cannot live one more year." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("On Old Age", sec. 24) -"Let the welfare of the people be the ultimate law." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("On the Laws", III., sec. 3) -"Endless money forms the sinews of war." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("Philippics", Philippica V., sec. 5) -"Laws are silent in time of war." - Marcus Tullius Cicero ("Pro Milone", IV., sec. 11) -"That, Senators, is what a favour from gangs amounts to. They refrain from murdering someone; then they boast that they have spared him!" - Marcus Tullius Cicero, condemning Mark Anthony who had not killed him (yet) ("Philippics", Philippica II, sec. 5) +"Escape, yes, but this time with my hands, not my feet." - Brutus, before committing suicide after losing a battle against Caesar's avengers (Plutarch, "Parallel Lives", "Brutus", sec. 52) +"O, the times, O, the customs!" - Cicero ("Against Catiline", I.) +"A war is never undertaken by the ideal State, except in defense of its honor or its safety." - Cicero ("De Re Publica", III., 23) +"The first duty of a man is the seeking after and the investigation of truth." - Cicero ("On Duties", I., 13) +"No one is so old as to think that he cannot live one more year." - Cicero ("On Old Age", sec. 24) +"Let the welfare of the people be the ultimate law." - Cicero ("On the Laws", III., sec. 3) +"Endless money forms the sinews of war." - Cicero ("Philippics", V., sec. 5) +"Laws are silent in time of war." - Cicero ("Pro Milone", IV., sec. 11) +"That, Senators, is what a favour from gangs amounts to. They refrain from murdering someone; then they boast that they have spared him!" - Cicero, condemning Mark Anthony who had not killed him (yet) ("Philippics", II., sec. 5) "He did not even stand up to review his fleet when the ships were already at their fighting stations, but lay on his back and gazed up at the sky, never rising to show that he was alive until Marcus Agrippa had routed the enemy." - Mark Antony, taunting Augustus who delegated his duties as naval commander (Suetonius, "Divus Augustus", sec. 16) "We live, not as we wish to, but as we can." - Menander ("Lady of Andros", fragment 50) "The man who runs may fight again." - Menander ("Monosticha") @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "When the pirates demanded a ransom of twenty talents for him, Caesar burst out laughing. They did not know, he said, who it was that they had captured, and he volunteered to pay fifty." - Plutarch, who mentions later that Caesar got his money back and had his captors crucified ("Parallel Lives", "Caesar", sec. 2) "They \[the Romans] want the centurions not so much to be adventurous and daredevils, as to be natural leaders, of a steady and reliable spirit. They do not so much want men who will initiate attacks and open the battle, but men who will hold their ground when beaten and hard-pressed, and will be ready to die at their posts." - Polybius ("Histories", VI. 24) "The Roman battle line is hard to break, since it allows every man to fight both individually and collectively; so that a formation can fight in any direction, with the maniples nearest to the point of danger wheeling around to face it." - Polybius ("Histories", XV. 15) -"The Athenian people are always in the position of a ship without a commander. Fear of the enemy or a storm make the crew be of one mind and obey the helmsman, everything goes well; but if they recover \[…] they quarrel with each other \[…], and the result has often been that, after escaping the dangers of the widest seas and the most violent storms, they wreck their ship in harbour and close to shore." - Polybius on the Athenian constitution ("Histories", VI. 44) +"The Athenian people are always in the position of a ship without a commander. Fear of the enemy or a storm make the crew be of one mind and obey the helmsman, everything goes well; but if they recover \[…] they quarrel with each other \[…], and the result has often been that, after escaping the dangers of the widest seas and the most violent storms, they wreck their ship in harbor and close to shore." - Polybius on the Athenian constitution ("Histories", VI. 44) "Most of the Romans were trampled to death by the enormous weight of the elephants; the rest were shot down in their ranks by the numerous cavalry: and there were only a very few who attempted to save themselves by flight." - Polybius on the Battle of Bagradas where a Roman army was annihilated during the First Punic War ("Histories", I. 34) "Hannibal gave the signal for attack; and at the same time sent orders to the troops lying in ambush on the hills to do the same, and thus delivered an assault upon the enemy at every point at once." - Polybius on the beginning of a Roman disaster at the Trasymene Lake ("Histories", III. 84) "In the phalanx, the men cannot turn around singly and defend themselves: this tribune, therefore, charged them \[from behind] and killed all he could get at; until, unable to resist, they were forced to throw away their shields and flee." - Polybius, describing the defeat of Philip V. of Macedon by Flaminius in the Battle of Cynoscephalae ("Histories", XVIII. 26) @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ "Let your speech be better than silence, or be silent." - Pythagoras (Stobaeus, "Florilegium", 24) "Unity strengthens even small states, while discord undermines the mightiest empires." - Sallust ("The Jugurthine War", 10.6) "Ungrateful fatherland, you will not even have my bones!" - Scipio Africanus in his epitaph, after he who defeated Hannibal was repeatedly accused of crimes by the Roman Senate (Valerius Maximus, "Nine books on memorable deeds and sayings", 5.3.2) -"Prepare for war, since you have been unable to endure a peace." - Scipio Africanus, replying to Hannibal's offer of peace terms before the Battle of Zama (Livius, "Ab Urbe Condita", XXX. 31) +"Prepare for war, since you have been unable to endure a peace." - Scipio Africanus, replying to Hannibal's offer of peace terms before the Battle of Zama (Livy, "History of Rome", XXX. 31) "But tactical science is only one part of generalship. A general must be capable of equipping his forces and providing for his men. He must also be inventive, hardworking, and watchful, bullheaded and brilliant, friendly and fierce, straightforward and subtle." - Socrates (Xenophon, "Memorabilia", 3.1.6) "It is necessary to know the strength of the city and of the enemy, so that, if the city is stronger, one may recommend her to go to war, but if weaker than the enemy, may persuade her to beware." - Socrates (Xenophon, "Memorabilia", 3.6.9) "The unexamined life is not worth living." - Socrates, in his defense when trialled for corrupting the youth and not worshipping the proper gods (he later drank hemlock after the death sentence) - Plato ("Apology", 38a)